1000+ full forms class 10 computer science (IT)complete questions answer, Computer science full forms

class 10 computer science (IT)complete questions answer, Computer science full forms

Full Forms for Information Technology Related Terms:

COMPUTER - Common Operating Machine Particularly Used for Trade, Education, and Research

Acronym Full Form

AJAX Asynchronous JavaScript and XML

API Application Programming Interface

APK Android Application Package

ASP Active Server Page

ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange

ATA Advanced Technology Attachment & Parallel Advanced Technology Attachment

BASIC Beginner's All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code

BIOS Basic Input Output System

CNC Computerized Numerical Control

CPU Central Processing Unit

DNS Domain Name System

DTP Desk-Top Publishing, Distributed Transaction Processing

EJB Enterprise Java Bean

ICT Information and Communications Technology

ITES Information Technology Enabled Services

IT Information Technology

HTML Hyper Text Markup Language

HTTP Hyper Text Transfer protocol

JPG Joint Photographic Experts Group

MMS Multimedia Messaging Service

PDF Portable Document Format

PHP Hypertext Preprocessor (earlier called, Personal Home Page)

RIP Rest In Peace, Routing Information Protocol

RSS Really Simple Syndication, Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh

SEO Search Engine Optimization

SIM Subscriber Identity Module

SMS Short Message Service

SQL Structured Query Language

URL Uniform Resource Locator

USB Universal Serial Bus

VIRUS Vital Information Resources Under Seize

WIFI Wireless Fidelity

WWW World Wide Web

XML eXtensible Markup Language

XMPP Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol

CLASS full form Compiled java program- often used as class extension

UID full form User IDentification (internet- intranet- and server login accesses)

CHAT full form "Conversational Hypertext Access Technology (""talking"" in real time over the internet)"

RS full form Recommended Standard (ie RS-232)

AT full form 1 Asynchronous Transmission 

AT full form 2 Advanced Technology

VIP full form Vines Internet Protocol

GIF full form Graphics Interchange Format

ISP full form Internet Service Provider

PC full form Personal Computer

HD full form 1 Hard Disk 2 High Density (type of disk format)

HREF full form Hypertext Reference

IT full form Information Technology

MR full form Modem Ready

CR full form 2 Carrier Response

ID full form Internal Device

ADO full form Active Data Objects

INS full form InterNet communication Settings

PIN full form Personal Identification Number

DTP full form Desk-Top Publishing

PCI full form 1 Personal Computer Interface 

PCI full form 2 Peripheral Component Interconnect

NCC full form Network Control Center

WWW full form World Wide Web ( sometimes call W3)

WWW full form World Wide Wait - slang

URL full form Uniform Resource Locator

POP full form Power On Password

POP full form 1 Post Office Protocol (how PCs get email from internet)

POP full form 2 Point Of Presence (internet and WWW terminology for location of server)

PDP full form Plasma Display Panel (laptops)

WYSIWYG full form What You See Is What You Get (computer slang wizzy wig)

CAD full form Computer Aided Design

FORTRAN full form FORmula TRANslation language (programming language)

CDR full form A Graphics File extension- often used by Corel Draw

PDS full form Premises Distribution System (AT&T cabling standards for networks)

DOS full form Disk Operating System

SSI full form Server Side Includes (web technology that allows for dynamic data exchange in web pages)

BAD full form Broken As Designed (Refers to inferior products that will require constant upgrades)

EBIZ full form e business

NIS full form Network Information Services

APL full form Automatic Programming Language

NIC full form Network Interface Card

IP full form Internet Protocol

TXT full form TeXT (file extension)

NT full form New Technology (Microsofts networking software - version 31 was first release)

NT full form "Sun coined the phrase ""Not There"" for the new Microsoft technology"

NT full form "IBM coined the phrase ""Nice Try"" for the new Microsoft technology"

RAS full form Remote Access Server / Service

DVD full form Digital Video Disk

MIS full form Management Information Systems

MIS full form Multimedia Information Sources

PCS full form Personal Computer System

MODEM full form MODulate / DEModulate

SSA full form Serial Storage Architecture (another communications port setup (like SCSI) that has fast data transfer but requires high demands of DMA channels)

DOC full form DOCument (file format extension used by word processors such as MS Word)

DOC full form A word processing DOCument file extension  Often used by MS Word

IC full form Integrated Circuit

MSD full form MicroSoft Diagnostics (program that comes with DOS)

CTI full form Computer Telephone Integrated

CPU full form Central Processing Unit

OS full form Operating System

PT full form Partition Table (Part of the information starting at track 0 sector 0 of a disk which allows a computer to communicate with the disk Other items include the MBR- DBR- & FAT)

LCD full form Liquid Crystal Display (often found on laptops)

BOSS full form Business Organizer Scheduling System (one of the original hand-held organizers)

ENIAC full form Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator

MB full form 1-000-000 bytes (Megabyte)

IPC full form Inter-Processes Communications

DB full form 1 DataBase

DB full form 2 decibel

CLS full form CLear the Screen (DOS command)

CD-ROM full form Compact Disk - Read Only Memory

SMS full form System Management Server

CD-R full form Compact Disk Recordable (drives that write (or burn) information to a CD)

PPP full form Point to Point Protocol

DEC full form Digital Equipment (Electronics) Corporation

HP full form Hewlett Packard

DBMS full form DataBase Management System

VGA full form Video Graphics Adapter

MDA full form Monochrome Display Adapter 

WORM full form A type of virus

RIP full form Routed Internetworking Protocol (Routing Information Protocol)

STP full form Shielded Twisted Pair

ASP full form Active Server Page

ASP full form Application Service Provider

CMYK full form Cyan- Magenta- Yellow- blacK

CGA full form 1 Color Graphics Adapter

CGA full form 2 Computer Graphics Architecture

IRDA full form Infrared Data Association

ICO full form ICOn bitmap file

CPS full form Clusters Per Sector (depends on the OS- AND the size of the disk partition)

CPS full form Characters Per Second

SFC full form System File Checker (command line program found with Windows XP)

INF full form INformation File (file extension)

LOG full form Log files maintain information about who is visiting a web site- and what they look at

POS full form Point Of Sale (the scanners you see in supermarkets)

CD full form 1 Compact Disk (Holds approx630 Mb of info)

CD full form 2 Change Directory (DOS command) 

CD full form 3 Carrier Dis-connect (modem talk) 

CD full form 4 Carrier Detect (modem talk)

CD full form Compact Disk

ICA full form Independent Computing Architecture

URN full form Uniform Resource Name (wwwwhoevercom)

CGM full form Computer Graphics Metafile (file extension)

WINE full form WINdows Emulator (program used by Unix/Linux to run Windows programs)

SRC full form Sample Rate Conversion

RDO full form Remote Data Objects

ECS full form Enhanced Chip Set

FAQ full form Frequently Asked Questions (files often found on BBS and Internets)

HCL full form Hardware Compatibility List (what hardware works with Windows 95- a text file)

ISA full form Industry Standard Architecture

DBF full form DataBase File (file extension)

MSB full form Most Significant Byte

MD full form Make Directory (DOS command)

CHS full form Cylinder / Head / Sector

CDS full form 1 Comprehensive Display System 

CDS full form 2 Compatible Duplex System

MPC full form Multi-media Personal Computers

ED full form External Device 

ASCII full form American Standard Code for Information Interchange

BDC full form Back up Domain Controller

EEPROM full form Electronic Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory

PNG full form Portable Network Graphic  Newer graphic format that uses smaller files to display pictures

ISM full form Information Services Manager

COBRA full form Common Object Request Broker Architecture

CD-RW full form Compact Disk - Re -Writeable (can be used or written to more than once)

JS full form Java Script 

COBOL full form COmmon Business Oriented Language (programming language)

BMP full form BitMaP file  A type of graphic- file extension

BBS full form Bulletin Board System

EPROM full form Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (re-programmable ROM chips)

ARPANET full form Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (the beginning of the internet)

3D full form Three Dimensional (usually refers to graphics- movies- wallpaper etc created to look as if they are 3 dimensional)

PICT full form Picture file format

DAD full form Desktop Application Director (Word Perfect / Corel Perfect Office button bar)

INTERNET full form INTER NETWORK

CLI full form Command Line Interface

MIDI full form Musical Instrument Digital Interface

CCS full form Common Command Set (instructions for SCSI interface)

BIOS full form Basic Input Output System

CDRAM full form Cached Dynamic RAM

EPS full form 1 Encapsulated PostScript (file extension) 

EPS full form 2 Email Postal Software

ADC full form Advanced Data Connector (database caching w/IIS server)

GPF full form General Protection Fault (A window error message that occurs when a program crashes)

ASK full form Amplitude Shif Keying

EROM full form Erasable Read Only Memory

PDC full form Primary Domain Controller

MPR full form Multi-Protocol Routing

TSR full form Terminate and Stay Resident (programs that load into memory and stay there)

LPC full form Local Procedure Call (NT Server terminology)

WAIS full form Wide Area Information System

CAT full form Catalog File extension

CAT full form Continuous Asynchronous Transmission

DTC full form DeskTop Conferencing

ASAP full form Application Assessment And Planning package (Lotus migration application)

CCD full form Charge Coupled Device (integrated internal circuit inside computer)

MAN full form Metropolitan Area Network (several LANs connected together in a similar geographical region Hospitals and Colleges use these often to share resources)

MAN full form MANual pages (Unix help files)

ACP full form Auxiliary Control Process

FTP full form File Transfer Protocol

USR full form United States Robotics (merged with 3 Com)

DCE full form Distributed Computing Environment

DCE full form Data Communications Equipment (hardware that does the communication- usually modems- routers- network cards- etc)

DCS full form Data Control Systems

DCS full form Data Collection Systems

DCS full form Distributed Control Systems

MAX full form 3D Studio (a high end 3D graphics program) file extension for source files

CMOS full form Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor

GML full form Generalized Markup Language

UTP full form Unshielded Twisted Pair

DSP full form Digital Signal Processing

UDC full form User Defined Command (setting up macros for function keys and other keys)

RGB full form Red Green Blue (type of color display and printing)

WWWW full form World Wide Web Worm

IEEE full form Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

CON full form CONsole

PCB full form Printed Circuit Board

SPS full form Stand-by Power Supply (see UPS)

RSS full form Really Simple Syndication

DAC full form Digital to Analog Converters

TCP-IP full form Transfer Control Protocol / Internet Protocol

IBM full form International Business Machines

CIFS full form Common Internet File System

MOM full form Microsoft Office Manager (The MS Office button bar)

OLE full form Object Linking and Embedding

CBT full form Computer Based Training

ALU full form Arithmetic Logic Unit

MMS full form Microsoft Merchant Server

MMS full form Microsoft Membership System

GCC full form GNU C Compiler

OCR full form Optical Character Recognition (scanner terminology for software)

SAM full form Security Administration / Account Module / Manager (NT profile terminology)

PID full form Process IDentification (number assigned by OS kernal to a process)

CSI full form Command Sequence Introducer

CSI full form CompuServe Inc

MPEG full form Motion Picture Experts Group (file extension MPG)

RET full form Resolution Enhancement technology (HP lazerjet technology)

APK full form Android application package

SNA full form Systems Network Architecture

CODASYL full form Conference On DAta SYstem Logic

RSVP full form Resource ReserVation Protocol

MS full form MicroSoft (That little company up in Redmond- Washington)

GP full form General Purpose

DEN full form Directory Enabled Network

ISDN full form Integrated Services Digital Network (Internet connection: faster than a modem- but slower than a dedicated T-1 or T-10 connection- Allows digital and voice data to share the same line)

MSN full form MicroSoft Network

OBJ full form Object file- often used with 3D file generation programs (extension)

SLIP full form Serial Line Internet Protocol

DAT full form 1 DATa (file extension)

DAT full form 2 Digital to Analog Converter

RDBMS full form Relational Data Base Management System

IRC full form Internet Relay Chat

DIC full form Dictionary file format

CSS full form Cascading Style Sheet

TASK full form Task Automation Scripting Kit

NET full form Network

NOS full form Network Operating System

SAP full form System Applications and Products

SAP full form Service Access Point

SAP full form Statistical Analysis Programming language

SAP full form Service Advertising Protocol (NT uses to announce available resources to Novell equip)

SAP full form Secure Application Protocol

HDML full form Handheld Device Markup Language (code for PDAs)

HT full form Hyper Terminal (file extension)

OSI full form Open Systems Interconnection (Suite of standard protocols for internet communication)

TEX full form Texture files in various formats used by graphics- and 3D rendering programs

ARPA full form Advanced Research Projects Agency

CAL full form Computer Aided Learning

CATV full form Community Antenna Television

DIP full form Dual In-line Package (the little on/off switches inside of computers- modems- etc)

PIO full form Programmed Input / Output

PVC full form Permanent Virtual Circuits

W3C full form World Wide Web Consortium

CISC full form Complex Instruction Set Computer (refers to a processor- pentium)

VAN full form Value Added Network

DDN full form Defense Data Network

SIP full form Single In-line Package

RISC full form "Reduced Instruction Set Computer (minimal ""self-processing"" power to reduces cost)"

IDP full form Integrated Data Processing

DBR full form DOS Boot Record (Information at track 0 sector 0 of a disk which allows PC to disk communication Other items include the MBR- the Partition Table- and the FAT)

RTF full form Rich Text Format (extension for files that most windows word processors can read)

DD full form Double Density (type of disk format - more than single density- less than High Density)

PNP full form "Plug aNd Play (new technology that allows a computer to ""read"" your hardware)"

POST full form Power On Self Test

GB full form 1-000-000-000 bytes (Gigabyte)

SSL full form Secure Sockets Layer (usually NT terminology)

IOS full form Inter-network Operating System

IPL full form Initial Program Loading

COO full form Cost Of Ownership (the expense of attaining and maintaining particular computer needs)

SMTP full form Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

HTM full form HyperText Markup language file extension  File extension name used for web pages

HDD full form Hard Disk Drive

VESA full form Video Electronics Standards Association

RD full form Resource Domain (NT Server terminology)

GIGO full form Garbage In Garbage Out (computer slang)

SQL full form Structured Query Language (database standards)

LAN full form Local Area Network

DES full form Data Encryption Standard (security methods used for transmitting data)

SD full form Super Density (a type of format for new DVD disks that allows up to 17 Gb of data to be stored on one CD)

CAM full form Common Access Method (SCSI type drivers for accessing devices)

VMS full form Virtual Machine System

VMS full form Virtual Memory System (DEC OS)

VMS full form Voice Messaging System

MMC full form Multi - Media Cloaking (frees memory for other applications)

ERD full form Emergency Recovery Disk

NTFS full form New Technology File System (WFW 311 and Windows 95)

AP full form Attached Processor

FAT full form File Allocation Table (the map a computer stores on a disk to where everything is)

NCR full form National Cash Register (pre IBM)

AV full form Authentication Verification

ESD full form EletroStatic Discharge (transfer of electrical current from carrier to object)

EOF full form End Of File

EMS full form Expanded Memory Specification (LIM Lotus / Intel / Microsoft)

JPEG full form Joint Photographic Experts Group (file extension JPG)

PPC full form Pay per click

CRT full form Cathode Ray Tube (antiquated terminology for monitors - mainframe talk)

AI full form Artificial Intelligence

FCI full form Flux Changes per Inch (drive tech terminology)

DA full form Destination Address (network terminology)

CNC full form Computerized Numerical Control

COB full form 3D graphic source file extension

JIT full form Just In Time (compiler / translator that only runs code when needed)

AGP full form Accelerated Graphics Port

ODBC full form Open DataBase Connectivity (2 Components) (Microsofts shared data connections)

BFT full form Binary File Transfer

TR full form 1 Terminal Ready (modem talk) 2 Token Ring (type of networking)

PPM full form Pages Per Minute (printer terminology)

ACM full form Association of Computer Machinery

ACM full form Audio Compression Manager (Microsoft)

ELS full form Entry Level Systems (early terminology for scaled down PC - no frills)

SID full form Security IDentification (NT terminology) or System ID- or Serial Input Data

DNS full form Domain Name Server (changes addresses: wwwmynamecom to 116225253)

XML full form eXtensible Markup Language

RAM full form Random Access Memory

PDA full form Personal Desktop Assistant (hand held computer)

WMF full form Window Media and Fax viewer file extension

WMF full form Windows MetaFile (file extension)

WAN full form Wide Area Network

DLC full form Data Link Control (a low-level protocol)

NAS full form Network Attached Storage

ADP full form 1 Application Development Programming 

ADP full form 2 Automatic Data Processing

BCD full form Binary Coded Decimal

BPI full form Library files used by exe files and device drivers in Windows 95 (dll format)

CSV full form Comma Separated Value (usually a text file in this format- can be read by various databases and spreadsheets)

TTF full form True Type Font file (file extension)

CRS full form Special display effects (wipe- slide fade- ex screen savers- and/or presentation programs)

BDE full form Borland Database Engine

FPI full form Flux changes Per Inch

IOP full form Input Output Processors

INOX full form INOX Leisure Limited

CIS full form Computer Information Systems (course: Computer Information Science)

CRC full form Cyclic Redundancy Check (similar to but not identical to check-sum)

DFS full form Distributable File System (Delphi- VB- BDE- etc)

CPL full form File used by Windows Control PaneL (file extension)

DPI full form Dots Per Inch (printing resolution or screen resolution)

DPI full form Distributed Protocol Interface

RFC full form Request For Comments (Similar to FAQs in content)

AMD full form Advanced Micro Devices Inc (competitor to Intel and Cyrex process chip co)

AMD full form Auto-Mounter Daemon

AMD full form Active Matrix Display

MIME full form Multi-purpose Internet Mail Extensions (address conventions for internet e-mail)

EXE full form Executable (file extension)

MCI full form Media Control Interface

SPP full form Standard Parallel Port

KB full form Kilobyte (1024 bytes)

OEM full form Original Equipment Manufacture

IDE full form 1 Integrated Development Environment 

IDE full form 2 Integrated Drive Electronics interface (drive/device controller technology)

SVGA full form Super video Graphics Adapter

IM full form Instant Messaging (real time chat)

NIP full form Network Interface Protocol

AED full form Automated Engineered Design system

HS full form High Speed

FM full form Frequency Modulation

MCST full form Microsoft Certified Systems Technician

SMB full form Server Message Blocks

JSP full form Java Server Page

UCM full form Universal Cable Module

DSHD full form Double Sided High Density (type of disk format) most common 35 = 144 Mb

GDI full form Graphical Device Interface

B2B full form Business To Business

ACT full form 1 Information manager program by Symantec 

ACT full form 2 All Computer Technology (notebook/computer Co)

ACT full form 3 Asynchronous Communication Terminal

UNC full form Universal Naming Conventions

MCP full form Microsoft Certified Professional

CAB full form Compressed file extension  Started as Microsoft installation file type

SET full form Secure Electronic Transaction (software to allow monetary transactions from PC - secure)

SET full form Drivers file extension found with some older Windows programs such as Lotus 123

SYS full form System

PROM full form Programmable Read Only Memory

COM full form 1 COMmand (file extension) 3 COMmon

COM full form 2 Component Object Module 

COM full form 3 COMmon object

MAC full form Media Access Control

RTA full form Real Time Audio (music over the internet)

DRI full form Digital Research Incorporated

GNU full form recursive acronym for GNUs Not UNIX - Linux style build of the UNIX kernel

ANSI full form American National Standards Institute

GPT full form GUID partition table

ACE full form An archived (raw zipped) file extension

ACE full form Access Control Entry

FIFO full form First In First Out (Processing method of information on first come - first serve basis)

CST full form Certified Systems Technician

MOF full form Managed Object Format

SCAM full form SCSI Configured Auto-Magically (plug-and-play SCSI cards)

XLS full form Microsoft Excel file extension

ESS full form Electronic Switching System

MIPS full form Million of Instructions Per Second

DLL full form "Dynamic Link Library (file extension) (sometimes called a ""dumb little library"")"

PAP full form Password Authentication Protocol

SDLC full form Synchronous Data Link Control

SDK full form Software Development Kit (Java or Microsoft usually)

DHCP full form Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

VLC full form video lan client

PILOT full form Programmed Inquiry for Learning or Teaching (rumor:) Also a popular 3-com PDA

GOB full form The Go Programming Language

USART full form Universal Synchronous / Asynchronous Receiver / Transmitter

PSP full form Paint Shop Pro file extension  A popular graphic paint program

PSP full form Personal Software Products (division of IBM)

MBR full form Master Boot Record (Part of the information starting at track 0 sector 0 of a disk which allows a computer to communicate with that disk Other items include the DOS Boot Record- the Partition Table- and the FAT)

OLAP full form OnLine Analytical Processing (32 bit applications with links to ActiveX and Java Beans)

FUP full form Frequently Used Programs

BTP full form Batch Transfer Program

DMI full form Desktop Management Interface (keeping personal PC settings stored in a central location- (eg server) Then where ever you login looks and acts like your PC (near future Technology) Networks running NT and 95 from server location are now doing this

IDA full form Intelligent Drive / Disk Array

VOIP full form Voice Over Internet Protocol

WARM full form Write And Read Many times (CD-ROM technology)

VBA full form Visual Basic for Applications (programming language bundled with MS Office- can include ActiveX- - not a full VB compiler- but can edit macros and commands)

CAD-CAM full form Computer Aided Design / Computer Aided Manufacturing

SEO full form Search Engine Optimization

IDC full form International Data Corporation

API full form Application Programming Interface

PPN full form Peer to Peer Networking (2 computers hooked together)

OOPS full form Object Oriented Programming System

JAR full form Java Archive files- used to save web page download time

LPT full form Local Parallel Transmission (the printer ports)

PPI full form Pay Per Incident: Tech service term- pay for each call to help desk

CPR full form Central Processor Recovery

AVI full form Movie file extension

AVI full form Audio Visual Interleave

MSO full form Multiple Systems Operator

CIO full form Computer Information Officer

AIF full form An audio file extension (also AIFF or AIFC)

EDI full form Electronic Data Interchange

EOM full form End Of Message (file transfer marker)

SPA full form Software Publishers Association

SIT full form Stuff-It (compressed file extension for Macintosh computers) 

Z full form Compression files that save disk space (PKZip is most popular)

TM full form Text Message

TM full form Test Mode (modem diagnostics)

SPX full form Sequenced Packet eXchange

EBCDIC full form Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code (8-bit code to represent 256 chars)

LPM full form Lines Per Minute (How fast a printer prints)

MMU full form Memory Management Unit

HAL full form Hardware Abstraction / Access Layer (NT layer of protocols to define hardware)

TAR full form Archive file  Compressed raw data file

TAR full form TApe Archive

SGML full form Standard Generalized Markup Language

CDB full form Common Dialog Box

DIN full form Translated from German it stands for German National Connector

DPMI full form DOS Protected Mode Interface

IRL full form Information Retrieval Language

LISP full form LISt Processing (John McCarthy - 1961)

DHTML full form Dynamic HyperText Markup Language

UNR full form Ubuntu Netbook Remix

ICPA full form Internet Consumer Protection Agency

PHP full form Personal Home Page

MIT full form Massachusetts Institute of Technology

SDRAM full form Synchronous Dynamic RAM

ACS full form Access Control System

ACS full form Asynchronous Communication Server (similar to file server for modems)

IIS full form Internet Information Server (Microsoft Internet Server software)

TIF full form graphic file extension (see TIFF)

ARCNET full form Attached Resource Computer network (uses star- or bus token passing technology - slow)

DMA full form Dynamic Memory Access (software equivalent to a hardware interrupt)

MBPS full form Megabytes per second (or Mega-bits Pers Second)

WAV full form WAVe file (file extension for sound files)

MSDN full form MicroSoft Developers Network (Microsoft software developers forum)

SEM full form Search Engine Management

LSB full form Least Significant Byte

WEP full form Windows Entertainment Package

BLOB full form Binary Large OBject (a field definition for databases such a paradox)

MTA full form Mail Transport Agents

VDT full form Visual Display Terminal

ICMP full form Internet Control Message Protocol

SWD full form Macromedia flash debugging file

AU full form Audio File extension (often used by Real Media)

PUK full form Personal unblocking code

MDB full form Microsoft DataBase (file extension)

ODI full form Open Datalink Interface

ADIS full form Automatic Data Interchange System

BPS full form Bits Per Second

DSDD full form Double Sided Double Density (type of disk format) 35 disks = 720 Kb

POSIX full form Portable Operating System Interface based on uniX

RAID full form Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks

ARC full form ARChived file: Older compression file used by PKZIP

NC full form Network Computer

NC full form Network Card

OM full form Original Manufacture

EFT full form Electronic Funds Transfer

TRB full form Terminating Resistor Block (a DIP or SIP on end of Drive cable to terminate signal)

MPGA full form Meta Content format file extension

RPM full form Redhat Package Manager (Bundled manager for Redhat distributed Linux)

RPM full form Revenue Per thousand iMpressions

TTL full form Transistor to Transistor Logic

RLE full form Run Length Encoding

ORACLE full form On-line Inquiry and Report Generator (Unix db)

AIFF full form Audio Interface File Format

WBC full form Write Back Caching (newer 486 CPU- and Pentium - faster cache)

MET full form Memory Enhancement technology (HP Lazerjet memory technology)

ANI full form ANImated cursors - (file extension used with Windows 95 instead of multiple cur files)  Can also be used by other animation tools or programs

ANI full form Automatic Numbering Identification

UAE full form Unrecoverable Application Error (error message when a program crashes)

BAT full form Batch (file extension)

RPC full form Remote Procedure Calls

SMD full form Surface Mounted Device (individual chip mounted on a PCB without leads)

IPHONE full form Intelligent Phone

FCML full form Facility Control Markup Language

BER full form Bit Error Rate

DDE full form Dynamic Data Exchange (predecessor to OLE in earlier versions of Windows)

PIC full form Prioritized Interrupt Controller

IO full form Input / Output

MP4 full form MPEG Layer-4 Audio

CIM full form Computer Integrated Manufacturing

CIM full form Common Information Model

SRAM full form Static RAM

B2C full form Business To Consumer

CGI full form Common Gateway Interface

CNT full form Certified Network (NetWare) Technician

CSMA-CD full form Carrier Sense Multiple Access / Collision Detection (Ethernet communication)

SUL full form Single User License

ECC full form Error Correction Code

DIMM full form Dual In-line Memory Module (new processors or RAM slots hooked together)

DRAM full form Dynamic Random Access Memory

AM full form Amplitude Modulation

CVS full form Concurrent Versions System

IS full form Information Services

MSG full form Microsoft Outlook email file format

MCSE full form Microsoft Certified System Engineer

NFS full form Need For Speed

PIM full form Personal Information Manager

ASF full form Multi - Media file extension

IPX full form Internet Package eXchange (how computers with different OSs transfer data)

UML full form Unified Modeling Format

UML full form Unified Modelling Language

CIDR full form Classless Inter Domain Routing Routers that- instead of maintaining large list of IP addresses- contain list of other backbone providers and services that do have the addresses- URLs- etc)

LLC full form Logical Link Control

MFT full form Master File Table (sort of a master FAT that NT uses to recover from errors)

MID full form A sound file (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) extension

SIMM full form Single In-line Memory Module

WP full form 1 Word Processor 

WP full form 2 Word Perfect Corporation

WP full form 3 Write Pre compensation (older disk reading technology)

WP full form 4 Write Protected

BCL full form Batch Command Language

VCD full form Video Compact Disk - use a CD in your DVD player for movies

WWWC full form World Wide Web Consortium (governing body that proposes standards for the Web)

DSL full form Digital Subscriber Line (private sector connection for direct connect to internet)

SMP full form Symmetric Multi-Processing

ACL full form Access Control List

JCL full form Job Control Language (mainframe programming language)

MPS full form MicroProcessor System

SLC full form Single Line Controller (A type of processor that does not process math function separately - and can not be upgraded) often found in older laptop computers

SLC full form an IBM CPU (386 SLC) that is an Sx- Low power chip with Caching

VBP full form Visual Basic Project (file extension)

ICL full form ICon Library file (contains multiple icon bitmaps)

PCT full form Graphics file extension (PiCTure)

PCT full form Personal Computer Tools (commonly known as PC Tools- a utility package)

PCT full form Private Communication Technology

TOD full form Time Of Day (refers to a computers internal clock)

BNS full form Backbone Network Service

FSD full form File System Driver (OS/2 Warp)

TI full form Texas Instruments

ATA full form AT Attachment interface

DTE full form Data Terminal (2 Transfer) Equipment

HLP full form HeLP file (file extension)

DFT full form Diagnostic Function Test

BCP full form Bulk Copy Program

PIF full form Program Information File (file extension for Windows 3x)

AGC full form Automatic Gain Control

GUID full form Globally Unique IDentifier 

MDI full form Multiple Document Interface (ie Word can open 2 files at once vs notepad)

LF full form Line Feed

RPG full form Report Program Generator 

RPG full form Role Playing Games (often networked)

TRM full form Terminal (file extension)

BAUD full form Rate which information is exchanged (modems: Binary Assembly Un-assembly of Data)

KBPS full form Kilobytes per second

SND full form Sound File extension in AU format

WCL full form Windows Compatibility List

SERP full form Search Engine Results Page

PARAM full form Parallel Machine

MAU full form Multi- Access Unit (patch panel for IBM to tie to server)

ROM full form Read Only Memory

RAD full form Rapid Application Development

CLP full form 1 CLiP art 

CLP full form 2 windows clipboard file extension

BOS full form Basic Operating System

DDS full form Direct Digital Sound

DOT full form DOcument Template file extension

AGA full form Advanced Graphic Adapter

FML full form facebook markup language

GEM full form Global Enterprise Manager

BASH full form Borne Again SHell (2nd Generation Linux command shell)

BSD full form Berkley Software Distribution (released version and add-ons of/for UNIX)

TIFF full form Tagged Information File Format

PDN full form Public Data Network (fore-father to the Internet)

SPT full form Sectors Per Track

AUI full form Adapter Unit Interface

PFM full form a Font file extension (Used by Adobe font extensions)

NFO full form Information file format used by Microsoft for advanced Windows systems  Also used by hackers to store hacked serial number and installation information

UI full form User Interface

XT full form eXtended Technology

LAMP full form Linux Apache Mysql PHP

EOL full form End Of Line (control characters used with first generation languages)

PAL full form Phase Alteration Line

CDE full form Common Desktop Environment (a UNIX windowed environment)

CDFS full form Compact Disk File System (similar to the FAT on a hard disk)

CDFS full form Compact Disk File System

PERT full form Program Evaluation and Review Techniques

PWS full form 1 Personal Web Server 

PWS full form 2 Peer Web Server

WAMP full form Windows apache Mysql PHP

CNA full form Certified Network (NetWare) Administrator

NDS full form Network Direct Services

MCL full form Microsoft Compatibility List

OTM full form Object Transaction Monitor

VPN full form Virtual Private Network

CHM full form Compiled Help Markup file extension

CUR full form CURsor (file extension)

DCC full form Direct Cable Connection

VM full form 1 Virtual Memory 

VM full form 2 Virtual Machine

UDP full form User Datagram Protocol (Network protocol for transferring data packets)

SLA full form Service Level Agreement (vendor agreement on whats under warranty for how long)

AIX full form Advanced Interactive eXecutive (IBMs version of UNIX)

UUCP full form UNIX to UNIX CoPy

SA full form Source Address

PGP full form Pretty Good Privacy (refers to network and email security)

DAO full form Data Access Objects (Visual Basic & Access terminology)

SCT full form Microsoft Script Component 

HPFS full form High Performance File System (OS/2 terminology for FAT)

OOP full form Object Oriented Programming

REPO full form Remote Emergency Power Off

BNC full form British National Connector (terminator for cabling)

FAP full form File Access Protocol

RDB full form Relational Data Base

SPE full form System Policy Editor

ARA full form Appletalk Remote Access

AQL full form Acceptable Quality Level

OSR full form Original Service Release

OSR full form microsoft Office Service Release (patch and upgrade to Office 97)

AAL full form Asynchronous transfer mode Adaptation Layer

AFP full form Appletalk File Protocol

LCC full form Leadless Chip Carrier

IE full form Internet Explorer (version 4x) - Microsofts Web Browser

DVI full form Digital Video Interactive

WAX full form Sound file extension

EFI full form Extensible Firmware Interface

LDP full form Linux Documentation Projection (on going effort to document Linux OS)

SFD full form Start Frame Delimiter

SEC full form Single Edge Card

VR full form 1 Virtual Reality 

VR full form 2 Voice Recognition

UMB full form Upper Memory Blocks

NEC full form Nippon Electric Company (Company that makes computer equipment)

P2P full form Peer To Peer computers connecting over the internet (Kazaa- Napster etc are examples)

ASPI full form Advanced SCSI Programming Interface (communication port technology)

WTC full form Write Through Caching (chip set caching for older PCs)

BASM full form Built in ASseMbler

SCSI full form Small Computer System Interface

AUP full form Acceptable Use Policy

EMF full form Enhanced MetaFile (graphic file format- often used as extension)

MMX full form Multi-Media eXchange: (New Pentium micro-processor by Intell that improves 3D rendering- although Intel and Microsoft claim the letters dont stand for anything in particular)

TRIM full form Training Records Information Management (software package)

TMP full form TeMPorary File (file extension)

TASM full form Turbo ASseMbler programming language (Borland / Delphi)

DIM full form 1 DIMention 

DIM full form 2 Dynamic Information Manager (shared contact information database) 

DIM full form 3 Desktop Information Manager (Microsofts information exchange) 

DIM full form "4 ""declares variables in Visual Basic programming language"""

GPC full form General Purpose Computer

MOL full form Machine Oriented Language

COAST full form Card On A STick

ABAP full form Advanced Business Application Programming

CNE full form Certified Network (NetWare) Engineer

BGP full form Borland Graphic Protocol

ORB full form Object Request Broker

REM full form REMark (command in DOS to ignore a statement as a command)

UART full form Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (new chip technology that controls serial port transmission)

ECP full form Extended Capabilities Port (setup in BIOS for LPT1 - faster than EPP- or SPP)

MAPI full form Mail messaging Application Programming Interface

ICM full form Image Color Mapping (so printed colors match screen colors)

FCL full form Fiber Channel Loop

INI full form Initialization (file extension)

BOF full form Beginning Of File

MCT full form Microsoft Certified Trainer

CICS full form Customer Information Control System

GDT full form Global Descriptor Table (a database- or register- for Windows to address memory)

HDR full form Host Data Replicator (computer that stores multiple databases from various systems)

ESP full form Enhanced Serial Port

MAD full form Master Account Domain (NT Server terminology)

PERL full form Practical Extraction and Report Language (found with flavors of UNIX / Linux) programming language - more precisely text reader and generator

PCL full form 1 Printer Control Language 

PCL full form 2 Print Code Language

DASD full form "Direct Access Storage Device (mainframe terminology - pronounced ""daz-dee"")"

EPP full form Enhanced Parallel Port (can use longer printer cable than SPP)

POC full form Point Of Contact

AOF full form Artlantis Object file

FPM full form Fast Page Mode (older RAM - being replaced by EDO RAM)

BERT full form Bit Error Rate Testing

BIM full form Business Information Managers (software)

EMP full form Electro-Magnetic Pulse

BPB full form BIOS Parameter Block (Disk technology)

IRQ full form Interrupt ReQuest

JIRA full form The product name, JIRA, is not an acronym but rather a truncation of Gojira

GPL full form GNU Public License

QDOS full form Quick and Dirty Operating System (often used by bootable floppy diagnostic software due to low overhead- and small files size)

BGI full form Borland Graphical Interface (Programming environment used by Borland languages)

LDT full form Local Descriptor Table (Table of contents Windows uses to address memory)

SPOOL full form Simultaneous Peripheral Operations On Line

UDF full form Universal Disk Format

AAT full form Average Access Time

VOD full form Voice Over Data

NCSA full form National Computer Security Association

VCM full form Virtual Channel Memory (new bus technology between RAM and CPU - late 1998)

ARAMP full form Application RAM Performance

DSI full form Drive Select Interface

PSD full form Password File

RDRAM full form Rambus DRAM

MPU full form MicroProcessor Unit

LBA full form Local Bus Addressing (how BIOS can read HD larger than 504 Mb)

LBA full form Sometimes considered Logical Block Addressing

DIB full form Graphic File Format extension (in bitmap format)

IMG full form Image File (file extension)

IOE full form Input Output Errors (95 terminology for GPFs and Application Errors)

IRP full form I/O Request Packet (NT Server terminology)

ABI full form Application Binary Interface

BDF full form Bitmap Distribution Format

RIB full form Graphics file extension

DOF full form Data Over Fiber

EOT full form End Of Transmission (file transfer marker)

PGA full form Pin Grid Array (AMD mother board terminology)

PGA full form Professional Graphics Adapter

NAI full form Network Associates Incorporated (combined company including McAfee Inc)

DDK full form Device Driver Kit (Microsoft)

PUP full form Power Up Password

MLP full form Microsoft License Pack (referred to for multi-user applications)

APPC full form Advanced Program to Program Communications

LH full form Load High (a command in MS-DOS)

XMS full form eXtended Memory Specification

VAR full form Value Added Reseller

DOCX full form document extended

LDAP full form Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (one way server(s) manipulate multiple disks / users / and access levels)

RADIUS full form Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service

BSOD full form Blue Screen Of Death (a Windows or NT crash)

CAT5 full form Category 5 (refers to thickness and quality of wiring)

USRT full form Universal Synchronous Receiver Transmitter

FNC full form Federal Networking Council (governments attempt to control the internet: DoD- DARPA- NASA- etc)

CSU full form Channel Service Unit (also DSU: Digital Service Unit- and a router A CSU/DSU is the modem that connects to the phone line)

FED full form Field Emission Display (type of monitor)

ACW full form Microsofts Accessibility Wizard

APA full form All Points Addressable (mode in which user has control over all aspects of display)

LPT1 full form Line Printer porT

PING full form Packet INternet Gopher (request sent to another computer; waits for answers)

ICAP full form Internet Calendar Access Protocol (Lotus Notes 4x / Domino)

MUD full form Multi-User Domain (Dungeon) - multiple persons play games in real time via Internet)

NIST full form National Institute of Standards and Technology

CAV full form Constant Angular Velocity

IDN full form Internet Domain Name

NDIS full form Network Device Interface Specification

FAV full form Microsoft Favorites (bookmarks of web sites)

RAR full form Raw compression data used for programs like winraw (file extension)

FFS full form Fast File System

FFS full form Fast File System (Microsoft and OS/2 first incarnation of HPFS)

MFTP full form Multicast File Transfer Protocol (used for data streaming)

SOHO full form Small Office Home Office (computer or program with enough speed or functionality for business use May not have sound or a lot of bells and whistles)

EGA full form Enhanced Graphics Adapter (Accelerator)

IDL full form Interface Definition Language

VOF full form Voice Over Fiber

DIVX full form Digital Video Express

JRE full form Java Runtime Environment

QOS full form Quality of Service (first used with ethernet measurement of data transfer)

FCS full form Frame Check Sequence (Token Ring)

FCS full form Fiber Channel Standard

JVM full form Java Virtual Machine

KT full form Knowledge Transfer

RFI full form Radio Frequency Interference

SSHD full form Single Sided High Density (type of computer disk formatting)

WFM full form Wired For Management (Intel hard-wire technology)

WINS full form Windows Internet Naming System (NT protocols - also used with other 32-bit MS)

APIC full form Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller (Intel)

CDN full form Content Distribution Network

MKV full form .mkv files known as Matroska video format

OCX full form Active X file extension

PCMCIA full form Personal Computer Memory Card International Association

PCMCIA full form People Cant Memorize Computer Industry Acronyms (coined take off of original)

LIMS full form Library Information Management System

XP full form eXPerience (Microsofts new version of Windows and software)

RUPL full form Recently Used Program List

AAB full form All to All Broadcast

MCIS full form Microsoft Commercial Internet System

MIO full form Modular Input Output

MFM full form Modified Frequency Modulation encoding (old disk drive technology)

BUD full form Bring Up Diagnostics (NIC PCs use for setups)

AJP full form a popular java extension used by Anfy applets

NET BEUI full form Network BIOS Extended User Interface

TPI full form Tracks Per Inch (disk drive terminology)

DCOM full form Distributed Component Object Model

MSNBC full form MicroSoft National Broadcasting Company

PBX full form Private Branch Network

WMA full form Microsoft Windows Media Audio file format and file extension

MCSD full form Microsoft Certified Solutions Developer

WDM full form Windows Device Manager

IPSEC full form Internet Protocol Security

LLF full form Low Level Format

SOM full form System Object Modle

FEP full form Front End Processor

AAF full form Advanced Authoring Format

MVS full form Multiple Virtual Systems

DRV full form DRiVe (file extension)

LIMA full form Lotus / Intell / Microsoft / AST standards (extended memory management software)

REST full form Representational state transfer

LRU full form Least Recently Used (How Windows decides which information to flush from cache)

RLL full form Run Length Limited code (method of recording digital data)

CGE full form Common Graphics Environment

CICA full form Center for Innovative Computing Applications

NSTL full form National Software Testing Laboratories

SWF full form Flash File Extension  Usually an external flash file called by the html document

ARJ full form Compressed file extension

VMM full form Virtual Memory Manager

DX full form A type of processor that also does numeric processing (better than an SX or SLC)

MASM full form Microsoft ASseMbler language

OLE DB full form Database that supports objects- linking- and embedding

DCI full form Display Control Interface (video display technology)

HCU full form Home Computer User

PUD full form Power Up Diagnostics

VB full form Visual Basic

LDF full form Logical Disk Format (the formatting done from a users level)

RFP full form Request For Proposal

FRM full form FoRM file (often a visual basic or database file)

DTMF full form Dual-Tone Multi-Frequency

TCO full form Total Cost of Ownership

RNA full form Remote Network Access (by use of Dial Up Connection)

AWE full form Advanced Wave Effects

PLCC full form Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier (Pentium socket on Mother Board)

REXX full form REstructured eXtended eXecutor (high level language for OS/2)

VRAM full form Video Random Access Memory

BHO full form Browser Helper Objects

VLAN full form Virtual Local Area Network (term growing in popularity due to NTs domain structure)

BIND full form Berkley Internet Name Domain (early version of DNS servers)

PARC full form Palo Alto Research Center (where a lot of todays technology was developed)

TOS full form Tape Operating System

BFI full form Bytes From Index (how HD heads find FAT entries)

RIFF full form Resource Interchange File Format

EDB full form Embedded Data Base

CUE full form Custom Updates and Extras (Egghead discount plan)

HDA full form Head Disk Assembly (terminology for drive construction)

VEGA full form Video-7 Enhanced Graphics Adaptor

VCB full form Video Capture Board

EML full form and Email file extension

ILS full form Internet Locator Service (component of NT 40 +)

DVE full form Digital Video Effects

FLA full form Macromedia Flash source file extension

ARU full form Automatic Response Unit

4GL full form Fourth Generation Language (Java- HotMetal- Page Mill- etc - visual languages)

HPG full form Hewlett-Packard Graphics

NMS full form Network Management System

GID full form Windows configuration file extension

IPX-SPX full form Inter network Packet eXchange / Sequential Packet eXchange

PKI full form Public Key Infrastructure (topology for coding data)

MCPS full form Microsoft Certified Product Specialist

QBE full form Query By Example

NNTP full form Network News Transfer Protocol

PWL full form PassWord List (can refer to network profiles or Windows profiles)

JSON full form JavaScript Object Notation

DMF full form Distributable Media Format (a Microsoft disk formatting that allows 177 Meg of info to be placed on a 35 disk that normally holds only 144 Meg

BITNET full form Because Its Time Network

DUN full form Dial Up Networking

VRML full form Virtual Reality Modeling Language

EBR full form Enterprise Backup / Restore (UNIX tape backup utility)

BMIC full form Bus Master Interface Controller

AFTP full form Anonymous File Transfer Protocol

BOOP full form Bill and the Office Of the President (Microsoft slang for management brain-storming)

CREN full form Corporation for Research and Educational Network (merge of BITNET and CSNET)

WBEM full form Web-Based Enterprise Management

BN full form Backbone Network

CAU full form Control Access Unit

LILO full form LInux boot LOader

EDO full form Extended Data Out (new RAM and DRAM data access technology)

ISAM full form Indexed Sequential Access Method (database access protocols- Btrieve and Paradox)

CMIP full form Common Management Information Protocol

TWAIN full form Technology Without Any Interesting Name (humorous)

CWP full form Communicating Word Processor

EEMS full form Enhanced Expanded Memory Specification

NETBIOS full form Network Basic Input Output System

TLA full form Three Letter Acronyms (I actually saw this one in publication)

MHS full form Message Handling System (how email handles electronic information addressing)

WDL full form Windows Driver Library

ACAP full form Application Configuration Access Protocol

TAPI full form Telephony Application Programming Interface

SX full form A type of processor that does NOT do numeric processing separately - but a Math coprocessor chip can be added to upgrade the unit (Better than an SLC but not as good as a DX or Pentium)

CMY full form Cyan- Magenta- Yellow

IFS full form Installable File System (Delphi- VB- BDE- etc)

ZD full form Ziff Davis publication company (publish large percent of computer literature)

HFS full form Hierarchical File System (Macintosh)

JSE full form JavaScript Encoding

GCR full form Group Code Encoding (method of encoding and securing data)

CDDA full form Audio File in AIFF format

CIAC full form Computer Incident Advisory Capability (US govt computer investigation agency)

HMA full form High Memory Area (Architecture)

LADDR full form LAyered Device Driver Architecture (SCSI type drivers for accessing devices)

SSDD full form Single Sided Double Density (type of computer disk formatting)

VBS full form Visual Basic Scripting language  Used by Microsoft in the same way that Netscape developed the javascript language

VDD full form Virtual Device Driver

HPC full form Hand held Personal Computer

IAHC full form International Ad Hoc Committee (computer group that studies and suggests standard for new and existing computer technology)

MS-DMF full form MicroSoft Distributable Media Format (see DMF)

PLLC full form Plastic LeadLess Chip (The Pentium Chip)

URT full form Universal Receiver Transmitter

HTT full form Hyper Text Template

OS-2 full form IBM graphical operating system

VINES full form VIrtual NEtworking Software (Banyan NOS)

DREQ full form DMA REQuest lines

EFF full form Electronic Frontier Foundation (studies impact of computers on society)

MMCD full form Multi - Media Compact Disk

MSAU full form Multi-Station Access Unit

DLCI full form Data Link Connection Identifier

HSPA full form High-Speed Uplink Packet Access

DIX full form DEC- Intel- and Xerox

WABI full form Windows Application Binary Interface

LQ full form Letter Quality

CP-M full form Control Program for Microcomputers (first OS for PCs before DOS)

SAA full form System Application Architecture

ASMP full form Asymmetric Multi-Processing

PTPC full form Palm-Top Personal Computer (new hand held computers)

FLI full form Animation source file extension

CSNET full form Computer + Science NETwork

PRJ full form Project File

CTR full form Click through rate

NPU full form Numeric Processing Unit

ABEND full form ABnormal END of program (mainframe and programming terminology)

EIDE full form Enhanced Integrated Drive Electronics

EMACS full form Editing MACroS (Linux / Unix text editor)

LUN full form Logical Unit Number

CUA full form Common User Access

LLDF full form Low Level Drive Format (done at factory)

SSLD full form Single Sided Low Density (type of computer disk formatting)

WRAM full form Windows RAM

ZIF full form Zero Insertion Force (CPU chips that can be removed to upgrade a PC)

EISA full form Extended Industry Standard Architecture

NRZ full form Non Return to Zero (programming code return terminology)

DECNET full form Digital Equipment Corporation (proprietary networking protocols)

VSN full form Volume Serial Number (S/N assigned when disk/partition is formatted)

LBI full form Library file  Used to hold extraneous information from program to improve performance

LIM full form Lotus / Intel / Microsoft

SFN full form Short File Name

J2ME full form Java 2 Micro Edition

NBT full form NetBIOS over TCP/IP (method of transporting Microsofts NetBIOS protocols over multiple networks using TCP/IP protocol suites

EXT2 full form Sometime noted as Ext2fs; this is the file system used by Linux OSs

WAITS full form Wide Area Information Transportation System

MXP full form Macromedia file type used for Flash Files

GHO full form Ghost file extension (ghs when image is spanned across multiple media)  Ghost is a tool used to create an image of a disk or drive

VDM full form Virtual DOS Machine

VFAT full form Virtual File Allocation Table

IMAU full form Intelligent Multi-Access Unit

MANIAC full form Mathematical Analyzer Numerical Integrator and Computer (early mainframe)

VLB full form Video Local Bus (mother board bus architecture - becoming outdated for the PCI)

EPTS full form Enhanced Print Trouble Shooter

EDRAM full form Enhanced DRAM (also EDORAM- EDOSRAM- EDOVRAM)

NMM full form Network Management Module

URI full form Uniform Resource Identification (1925512322)

LNK full form Link File Extension  Used to create shortcuts in Microsoft Windows

PUN full form Physical Unit Number (method of defining equipment of a computer)

DEK full form Data Encryption Key (digital key to unlock encrypted files)

DIF full form Data Interchange Format

XLT full form Microsoft Excel Template file extension

HSTRA full form High Speed Token Ring Alliance (HSTR for High Speed Token Ring)

RAMA full form Relational Access Management Association

VTAM full form Virtual Transmission Automated Messaging

L2TP full form Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol

QIC full form Quarter Inch Cartridge (refers to tape drives used for backups)

CD-DA full form Compact Disk - Digital Audio

VUE full form Vue dEsprit file extension (Popular 3D rendering program)

EULA full form End User License Agreement

G3 full form Macintosh processor

W3 full form Sometimes shorted from the WWW or World Wide Web

ERU full form Emergency Recovery Utility (configuration backup utility with Windows 95)

LZ full form Landing Zone (where the read/write heads go on a disk to read information)

WIZ full form Microsoft Wizard used in various software packages and the MS Windows OS

EPBR full form Extended Partition Boot Record

LHA full form Compressed file format (extension)

LUG full form Linux Users Group

PPTP full form Point to Point Tunneling Protocol

DO-IT full form Disabilities- Opportunities- Internetworking and Technology

HHD full form Hand Held Device (pocket organizer- scanner- pager- etc)

CDRW full form Compact Disc ReWritable

FDOS full form Floppy Disk Operating System

JPL full form Java Programming Language

OAA full form Open Agent Architecture (new interface architecture for human/PC interaction including hand written- typed - and spoken commands - being developed by SRI International)

ECTP full form Ethernet Configuration Test Protocol

DDR RAM full form Double data rate random access memory

ULS full form Uniform Location Service (used to identify nodes on the net)

PODC full form Pentium OverDrive Chip

VSQL full form Visual Structured Query Language

ZNA full form Zero Network Administration (where all registration- profiles- policy kept in 1 place)

IDAPI full form Internal Database Application Programming Interface

ECNE full form Enterprise Certified NetWare Engineer

SNMP full form Simple Network Management Protocol

L-ZONE full form Landing zone for the read/write heads on a disk

WBK full form Workbook file extension used by several software packages

WBK full form Microsoft Word backup file extension

JNI full form Java Native Interface

ASTII full form Advanced Simulation Technology Inc

CSS1 full form Cascading Style Sheets level 1 (specifications for layouts and design of WWW pages)

DI-O full form Data Input / Output

GENIE full form General Electric Network Information Exchange

EDOS full form Enhanced DOS for windows

FON full form FONt file (extension)

IEAK full form Internet Explorer Administration Kit (profmgrexe)

PNRP full form Palm Name Recognitiion Protocol (Palmpilot communication with desktop protocol)

RLN full form Remote Lan Node

DMTF full form Desktop Management Task Force (joint effort Microsoft- Compaq- IBM- Cisco- etc to standardize object management on LAN)

HGA full form Hercules Graphics Adapter

HPPCL full form Hewlett-Packard Printer Control Language

3GL full form Third Generation Languages (Pascal- C++- QBasic- etc)

LFN full form Long File Names

TCPA full form Trusted Computer Platform Alliance - collaboration among Intel- Microsoft- and others to standardize the computer industry- and drive innovative solutions outside the mainstream corporations into an unsupported environment 

COMM1-4 full form COMMunication port

DMAK full form DMa request AKnowledgement

DSLD full form Double Sided Low Density (old style of disk format - not used anymore)

M1V full form Multimedia file format extension (mpeg format)

PVN full form Private Virtual Network

VXD full form Virtual eXtended Device Driver (common with the 32-bit Win 95 system) These are 32 bit protected mode drivers that allow mult-threading of applications

ZAC full form Zero Administration Client

ZBR full form Zone Bit Recording

LWO full form Lightwave (high end 3D generation program) file extension

FILO full form First In Last Out (Processing Method)

GNN full form Global Network Navigator

E-ZINE full form Electronic magaZINE

OOP-ED full form Object Oriented Programming / Event Driven

POTS full form Plain Old Telephone System

STX full form Start of TeXt

FC-AL full form Fiber Channel Arbitrated Loop (bus technology - better/faster than SCSI)

FRPI full form Flux Reversals Per Inch

ZAK full form Zero Administration Kit

IG-BIT full form Individual / Group bit (for addressing network information)

RNK full form Dial Up Networking shortcut file extension

3D2 full form A 3D graphic file extension

JAD full form Java Application Descriptor

CFML full form Cold Fusion Mark-up Language

FCBS full form File Control BlockS

GZ full form a raw compressed image file extension used across multiple files

VBRUN full form Visual Basic RUNtime library files (100- 200- 300- 400- 32) *dll extensions

BOWEP full form Best Of Windows Entertainment Pack

ESDI full form Enhanced Small Device Interface (Hard disk interface- older than SCSI- ISA- PCI newer than the ST506)

XNS full form Xerox Network System

MRUP full form Most Recently Used Program

ZDN full form Ziff Davis Network: formally ZDNET- computer dedicated publisher- and internet site

ABIST full form Automatic Built In Self Test

GEIS full form General Electric Information Service (Web based catalog service)

WFW full form Windows For Workgroups (often used for peer-to-peer networking)

EXE2BIN full form PKWare program (exe2binexe) that converts a compression (zip arc- lhz- etc) file to a binary or executable file This allows a user to decompress the file without having a copy of PK Zip

SVRAM full form Synchronous VRAM

LZH full form Compressed file format extension (raw data compression)

ZDNET full form Ziff Davis Network (Largest computer publication company network: wwwzdnetcom)

FKEY full form Function Key

NLQ full form Near Letter Quality (printer terminology - usually old 24-pin dot matrix)

DOIP full form Data Over Internet Protocol

VXB full form Visual Basic Library file extension

EOJ full form End Of Job (file transfer marker)

OBJECTPAL full form Object oriented Program Application Language (Bundled with Borland/Paradox/Corel)

XCOPY full form eXtended COPY (DOS file copy program)

DUNCE full form Dial Up Networking Connection Enhancement

VBR full form Variable Bit Rate

XSMD full form eXtended Storage Module Drive interface

ZAW full form Zero Administration for Windows

TZI full form Track Zero Interrupter (how a disk drive knows where to start)

ST506 full form Shugart Technology (old disk technology manufacture)

JUG full form Joint Users Group (group of dedicated- perhaps proprietary computers)

NPTN full form National Public Telecomputing Network (public network based in Cleveland- OH)

QEMM full form Quarterdeck Extended Memory Manager

CVRAM full form Cached Video RAM

BYOA full form Bring Your Own Access (access the Internet via telnet & your own ISP)

FRAM full form Ferro-electric RAM

OADB full form Open Architechture Data Base (like supporting standards like SQL)

ODAPI full form Open DataBase Application Programming Interface

DGIS full form Direct Graphics Interface Standard

RMON full form Remote MONitoring

PQFP full form Plastic Quad Flat Pack (AMD motherboard terminology)

ZDTV full form Ziff Davis TeleVision channel

EDLIN full form EDitor for LINe text

PPDF full form Protected Portable Document Format

FFDB full form Flat File DataBase

SYSIN full form SYStem INput

PJL full form Print Job Language (HP printer language)

CATU full form Computer Analysis and Technology Unit

SYSOP full form SYstems OPerator

HPGL full form Hewlett-Packard Graphics Language

R-W full form Read / Write (usually refers to the heads inside a disk drive)

2GL full form Second Generation Languages (Basic- Fortran- Cobol- C- etc)

MSCDEX full form MicroSoft Compact Disk EXecutable (file driver for CD-ROM- often referred to as the messy ducks)

OPENDOC full form Open Document file system (MAC/Apple- and NT-40 terminology for FAT that will allow the 2 to share files)

P7? full form P7A- P7B etc are used in email encryption and certification files

U-LBIT full form Universally / locally administered bit (for addressing network info)

386 full form A virtual device driver file extension

R&D full form Research and Development

DS# full form Drive Select (DS0- DS1- etc) numbering starts at 0

J++ full form Microsofts Java programming language

MP# full form mp1- mp2- mp3- mp4 are various versions of the mpeg file format (Multimedia files)

SMS - System Management Server

ENIAC - Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator

PIN - Personal Identification Number

ISP - Internet Service Provider

IT - Information Technology

WWW - World Wide Web (sometimes call W3)

WWW - World Wide Wait - slang

VIP - Vines Internet Protocol

ASP - Active Server Page

ASP - Application Service Provider

3D - Three Dimensional 

INS - InterNet communication Settings

CAD - Computer Aided Design

ECS - Enhanced Chip Set

FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions (files often found on BBS and Internet)

DOS - Disk Operating System

POP - Power On Password

POP - Post Office Protocol (how PCs get email from internet)

POP - Point Of Presence (internet and WWW terminology for location of server)

STP - Shielded Twisted Pair

FORTRAN - FORmula TRANslation language (programming language)

MODEM - MODulate / DEModulate

NCC - Network Control Center

IC - Integrated Circuit

IP -  Internet Protocol

UID - User IDentification (internet- intranet- and server login accesses)

IRDA - Infrared Data Association

CLASS - Compiled java program- often used as class extension

NIC - Network Interface Card

PC - Personal Computer

RAS - Remote Access Server / Service

CD-ROM - Compact Disk - Read Only Memory

PPP - Point to Point Protocol

ARPANET - Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (the beginning of the internet)

EEPROM - Electronic Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory

RDBMS - Relational Data Base Management System

MPEG - Motion Picture Experts Group (file extension MPG)

PVC - Permanent Virtual Circuits

ASAP - Application Assessment And Planning package (Lotus migration application)

CPU - Central Processing Unit

SSI - Server Side Includes (web technology that allows for dynamic data exchange in web pages)

CMYK - Cyan- Magenta- Yellow- blacK

COBOL - Common Business Oriented Language (programming language)

ID - Internal Device

BOSS - Business Organizer Scheduling System (one of the original hand-held organizers)

HCL - Hardware Compatibility List (what hardware works with Windows 95- a text file)

FCI - Flux Changes per Inch (drive tech terminology)

MIS - Management Information Systems

MIS - Multimedia Information Sources

APL - Automatic Programming Language

DTP - Desk-Top Publishing

SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

IPC - Inter-Processes Communications

PDC - Primary Domain Controller

SFC - System File Checker (command line program found with Windows XP)

HD - Hard Disk 2 High Density (type of disk format)

PCI - Personal Computer Interface 

PCI - Peripheral Component Interconnect

CPS - Clusters Per Sector (depends on the OS- AND the size of the disk partition)

CPS - Characters Per Second

DBMS - DataBase Management System

CHAT - Conversational Hypertext Access Technology (""talking"" in real time over the internet)"

DVD - Digital Video Disk

DOC - DOCument (file format extension used by word processors such as MS Word)

DOC - A word processing DOCument file extension  Often used by MS Word

CCS - Common Command Set (instructions for SCSI interface)

LCD - Liquid Crystal Display (often found on laptops)

POS - Point Of Sale (the scanners you see in supermarkets)

TM - Text Message

TM - Test Mode (modem diagnostics)

URL - Uniform Resource Locator

IBM - International Business Machines

EMS - Expanded Memory Specification (LIM Lotus / Intel / Microsoft)

CDR - A Graphics File extension- often used by Corel Draw

RDO - Remote Data Objects

VBA - Visual Basic for Applications (programming language bundled with MS Office- can include ActiveX- not a full VB compiler- but can edit macros and commands)

AT - Asynchronous Transmission 

AT - Advanced Technology

FTP - File Transfer Protocol

GPF - General Protection Fault (A window error message that occurs when a program crashes)

SSA - Serial Storage Architecture (another communications port setup (like SCSI) that has fast data transfer but requires high demands of DMA channels)

GP - General Purpose

VGA - Video Graphics Adapter

ISM - Information Services Manager

SRC - Sample Rate Conversion

PDP - Plasma Display Panel (laptops)

ODBC - Open DataBase Connectivity (2 Components) (Microsofts shared data connections)

ICA - Independent Computing Architecture

EPROM - Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (re-programmable ROM chips)

DD - Double Density (type of disk format - more than single density- less than High Density)

SIT - Stuff-It (compressed file extension for Macintosh computers) 

EULA - End User License Agreement

HP - Hewlett Packard

ADC - Advanced Data Connector (database caching w/IIS server)

DB - DataBase

DB - decibel

ED - External Device 

W3C - World Wide Web Consortium

MCSE - Microsoft Certified System Engineer

Question 1. Why is Internet is so popular? CBSE 2004

Due to its extensible use and sharing of data, Internet becomes so popular.

Question 2. Mention any two major uses of Internet. CBSE 2003

The two major uses of Internet are as follows:

1. For the students and educational purposes, Internet is widely used to gather information so as to do the research.

2. We can send/receive the mail all over the world.

Question 3. Write two advantages of using Internet. CBSE 2006

Advantages of using Internet are as follows:

1. It is used for communication, entertainment, searching information and for providing many types of services.

2. It provides the facility of E-mail.

Question 4. Name the protocol, which helps you to communicate between a Web server and a Web browser.

HTTP

Question 5. Write the name of any two Internet Service Provider(ISP) in India. CBSE 2004,02

MTNL and Airtel.

Question 6. Name any two ways of wireless connections of Internet.

Wi-Fi and WiMax.

Question 7. Name any two Internet protocols used by Web.

HTTP and FTP.

Question 8. Name any five DSL broadband service providers in India.

BSNL, Airtel, Reliance, MTNL and Tata Indicom.

Question 9. What can a user do with WWW?

Using WWW, a user can download files, listen to music view video files and jump to other documents or websites by using hypertext links.

Question 10. Name any two major services provided by Internet.

E-mail and WWW.

Question 11. Can we use URL to access a Web page? How?

Yes, as a location on a Web server, which is called a Website and each Website has a unique address known as URL. So, an URL can be used to access a Web page.

Question 12. Which language is helpful to create Web pages?

HTML is used for designing Web page.

Question 13. Mr. Lai owns a factory which manufactures automobile spare parts. Suggest him the advantages of having a Web page for his factory.

The Web page provides the information to the clients about his factory of spare parts. Moreover, he can receive the order on the Internet from the clients using the Webpage.

Question 14. Write the relationship between a Website and a Web server.

Web server is a computer on which a Website is hosted.

Question 15. Write the Web extensions (top level domain names) given to a Websites of the following types of organisations. 1. Educational 2. Government CBSE 2008

1. .edu

2. .gov

Question 16. Write Web extensions given to sites of the following types of organisations. 1. network organisation

2. government agencies CBSE 2007

1. .net

2. .gov

Question 17. Name two Web browsers of Internet.

Internet Explorer and Google Chrome.

Question 18. What is URL?

Answer: URL means Uniform Resource Locator. It is a full unique address of a Web page on the Internet. It specifies the Internet address of a file stored on a host computer connected to the Internet.

Short Answer Type Questions [2 & 3 Marks each]

Question 1. Give some differences between Intranet and Internet.

Differences between Intranet and Internet are as follows:

1. Internet is a Wide Area Network (WAN), while Intranet is a Local Area Network (LAN).

2. Greater amount of information is available on Internet, while on Intranet specific

amount of information is available.

3. Internet is not safe as Intranet can be safely privatised as per the need.

Question 2. Write three disadvantages of using Internet.

The three disadvantages of using Internet are as follows:

1. Cyber frauds

2. Information misuse

3. Computer virus circulation

Question 3. What is MODEM? CBSE 2006

MODEM stands for MOdulator/DEModulator. It is a hardware device that enables a computer to send and receive information over telephone lines by converting the digital data used by your computer into an analog signal used on telephone lines and the converting back once received on the other end.

Question 4. Define home page. Give two advantages of home page.

A home page is the first page of a Website. The two advantages of home page are as follows:

1. It helps viewers to find out what they can find on that site.

2. Publicity of an individual or community.

Question 5. Write a note on IP address and give its characteristics.

Internet internally follows number based addressing system. Numeric address of a computer is called IP address by a scheme called Domain Name System (DNS). The IP address consists of four numbers from 0 to 255, separated by dots.

The characteristics of an IP address are as follows:

1. IP addresses are unique.

2. IP addresses are global and standardised.

Question 6. How do you differentiate between a Web address and an E-mail address?

The basic differences between a Web address and an E-mail address are as follows:

1. E-mail address is a network address whereas Web address is the Internet address.

2. An E-mail address always contains the ‘at the rate’ sign (@) whereas, a Web address never does.

Question 7. What is the significance of HTTP?

Answer: HTTP is a protocol used on Internet. It works in combination with WWW. It allows

us to access hypertext documents on WWW. Since, WWW allows us to access or use

multimedia files on the Internet and the hypertext files support multimedia.

Long Answer Type Questions [5 Marks each]

Question 1. Why is Internet called ‘Network of Networks’?

Internet is called ‘Network of Networks’ because it is global network of computers that are linked together by cables and telephone lines making communication possible among them. It can be defined as a global network over a million of smaller heterogeneous computer networks.

The network which consists of thousands of networks spanning the entire globe is known as Internet.

The Internet is a world wide collection of networked computers, which are able to exchange information with each other very quickly.

Mostly people use the Internet in two ways, E-mail and World Wide Web. In Internet, most computers are not connected directly, they are connected to smaller networks, which in turn are connected through gateways to the Internet backbone.

A gateway is a device that connects dissimilar networks. A backbone is central interconnecting structure that connects one or more networks.

Question 2. What is DNS and also explain its functions? CBSE 2013

Answer: DNS stands for Domain Name System. It is a hierarchical distributed naming system for computers, services or any resources connected to the Internet or a private network. It associates various information with domain names assigned to each of the participating entities.

The different functions of DNS are as follows:

It translates meaningful domain names into the numerical IP addresses, which is needed for the purpose of locating computer services and devices world wide.

It serves as the phone book for the Internet by translating human friendly computer host names into IP addresses.

The DNS can be quickly updated, allowing a service’s location on the network to change without affecting the end users.

It distributes the responsibility of assigning domain names and mapping those names to IP addresses by designating authoritative names servers for each domain.

It also specifies the technical functionality of database service. It defines the DNS protocol, a detailed specification of the data structure and data communication exchanges used in DNS, as part of the Internet Protocol Suite (IPS).

Question 3. Give an example of E-mail address and explain each part of it.

The example of an E-mail address is abc@gmail.com.

The format of E-mail address is username@hostname or domain name. So, as per the above example of E-mail address abc is the username and gmail.com is the name of hosting server or host (domain) name. Thus, we can say that E-mail address has two parts separated by symbol.

1. Username: On the left side of separator @ is the user name. A user name cannot have blanks.

2. Domain name for the host server: The portion to the right of @ identifies the server or host network that services your E-mail. It is also known as E-mail server.

Six network and communication related abbreviations are as follows:

1. TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) A protocol developed for the Internet to get information from one network device to another.

2. HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) A protocol that transmits hypertext over networks. This is the protocol of the Web.

3. ISP (Internet Service Provider) An organisation that provides access to the Internet through various connectivity methods.

4. IIS (Internet Information Server) It is a Microsoft proprietary Web server software.

5. SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) It distributes E-mail messages and attached files to one or more electronic mail boxes.

6. ADSL (Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line) A data communication technology that enables faster data transmission over copper telephone lines than a conventional voice band modem can provide.

Question 1. Define virus.

A virus is a harmful program, which on entering a computer, starts creating copies of itself. It then attacks by corrupting the executable files and folders saved on the computer.

Question 2. List the different types of computer viruses.

1. File system viruses

2. Boot sector viruses

3. Macro viruses

Question 3. Name some forms of virus attacks.

Worms, Trojan horse, Computer Virus etc.

Question 4. Give some examples of computer worms.

MS-Blaster, Mellisa worm, SQL Slammer worm are the common examples of worms.

Question 5. Explain denial of service attack.

A denial of service attack is a type of attack that consumes all the resources of a computer.

Question 6. What is used to identify, prevent and take action against malicious programs, such as viruses and worms, by deactivating or deleting them?

Antivirus is used to identify, prevent and take action against malicious programs such as viruses and worms, by deactivating or deleting them.

Question 7. Describe hacking.

Hacking is the practice of modifying the features of a system, in order to accomplish a goal outside of the creator’s original purpose.

Question 8. What is the meaning of backup? CBSE 2013

Backup is a process of making an extra copy of the data on a computer and storing it in a different location on the computer or in an external device.

Question 9. What are the types of data backup?

There are two types of data backup:

1. Full backup

2. Differential backup

Question 10. Can you backup the files while your computer is running?

Yes, we can safely backup open files and programs while they are running.

Question 11. What is encryption of data? CBSE 2014

Encryption refers to scrambling of data in some encoded format so that it may be transmitted over networks.

Question 12. A digital signature is issued by which organisation?

A digital signature is«an electronic file that is issued by a Certification Authority (CA).

Question 13. Name two other means of online security measures.

Digital signature and Digital certificate

Question 14. Which security provision is used to ensure data integrity and authentication?

A digital signature helps the user to ensure data integrity and authentication.

Question 15. Give any two shortcomings of online purchase. CBSE 2014

1. Cannot see the product in reality before a purchase.

2. You do not receive the product immediately, there is always some delay.

Short Answer Type Questions [2 & 3 Marks each]

Question 1. How does a virus affect your computer?

Virus is a software used to infect a computer. After virus code is written, it is buried within an essential programmed. Once the programmed is executed, the virus code is activated and attack copies itself to other programs.

Question 2. If your computer attacked by a trojan horse virus, what damage it may cause?

If your computer attacked by a trojan horse virus, it can:

1. Steal passwords

2. Copy sensitive data

3. Carry out any other harmful operations etc.

Question 3. Write minimum three ways by which a virus can spread to other systems.

Three ways by which a virus can spread to other systems are as follows:

1. When an infected file is copied through network.

2. When virus file is downloaded from Internet.

3. When infected file is copied from floppy disk, USB, DVD etc.

Question 4. Write any two tips to avoid spams. CBSE 2016

You can use the following guidelines to avoid spam, they are as follows:

1. Keep your E-mail address private.

2. Using appropriate filters to find and alter you about spam.

Question 5. What are the primary interest of online attackers in spyware?

Primary interest of online attackers in spyware is using it to steal personal information for financial crimes such as carding and identity theft or to sell that information to someone else who then executes more traditional financial crimes.

Question 6. What does an antivirus software do? CBSE 2014

or

What does an antivirus software do? Explain in brief with any two points. CBSE 2013

1. Antivirus software is a computer program that detects, prevents and takes action to

disarm or remove malicious software programs, such as viruses and worms.

2. Displays health of your computer system.

Question 7. Can firewalls detect virus?

Firewalls do not screen computer viruses.

As the location of firewalls is a good place for scanning, some firewalls has plug-in virus scanning module. And some programs scan virus at a point either before or after a firewall.

Question 8. Mention three societal impacts of IT.

The societal impacts of IT are as follows:

1. Opportunities for people with disabilities through artificial intelligence.

2. Quality of life improvements due to E-Commerce over Internet.

3. Crime fighting and other benefits.

Question 9. Differentiate between hackers and crackers.

Differences between hackers and crackers are as follows:

Hackers

Crackers

A hacker is a person intensely interested in the arcane and recondite working of any computer operating system.

A cracker is one who breaks into or otherwise violates the system integrity of remote machines with malicious intent.

Hackers obtain advanced knowledge of operating systems and programming languages.

Having gained unauthorised access, crackers destroy vital data, deny legitimate users service, or cause problems for their targets.

Hackers constantly seek further knowledge, freely share what they have discovered and never intentionally damage data.

Crackers can easily be identified because their actions are malicious.

Question 1. Write the purpose of search engine. CBSE 2005

The main purpose of search engine is to help people to find more information in any topic, which user wants.

Question 2. Give the name of any two Websites, which are used as a search engines.

www.google.com and www.altavista.com

Question 3. What do you understand by uploading a file on Internet? Name software used for it.

To transfer a file from your computer to a server is called uploading a file on Internet. FTP is the software which is used for it.

Question 4. Distinguish between FTP and Telnet.

FTP (File Transfer Protocol) facilitates the transfer of files from one point to another while Telnet is a connection protocol that allows a user to connect to a remote server.

Question 5. What do you understand by telnet?

Telnet is a protocol that facilitates remote login on a computer.

Question 6. What do you understand by downloading files from Internet?

Downloading is transferring files from a server to a client’s computer.

Question 7. What do you understand by remote login?

Remote login or remote access is the ability to get access to a computer or a network from a different computer.

Question 8. Give the name of any two Websites which are used to send E-mail.

www.gmail.com and www.rediffmail.com

Question 9. How can a Word document be sent along with an E-mail?

By attaching the Word file with an E-mail.

Question 10. Write one advantage and one limitation of E-mail over traditional mail.

Or

why is E-mail so popular over conventional mail?

Or

Mention any two advantages of E-mail over conventional mail. CBSE 2010, 08, 04, 03

Advantages

1. E-mail is extremely cost effective.

2. E-mail takes lesser time for transmitting data than conventional mail.

Disadvantage

1. Need of Internet connection to send/receive mail.

Question 11. How can video conferencing be helpful to teachers?

Using video conferencing, teachers can communicate with different school teachers and students to discuss different topics or attend seminars online.

Question 12. State one advantage of video conferencing over personal face-to-face business meetings.

Video conferencing allows you to interact with many people face-to-face without being at same place.

Question 13. How multiple E-mail addresses are defined in To, Cc, Bcc field?

By using comma between E-mails addresses.

Question 14. How many forms can E-learning occur?

E-learning can be CD-ROM based, network based, Intranet or Internet based.

Question 15. Give the name of five Websites for locating someone online.

Facebook, White Pages, Super Pages, Bing and Yahoo search.

Question 16. How is newsgroup different from E-mail messages?

Unlike E-mail messages, which are visible only to the sender and specified recipients, newsgroup messages can be read by anyone, who view the group that they are posted in.

Short Answer Type Questions [2 & 3 Marks each]

Question 1. How does FTP work?

FTP works on the principle of a client/server model. A FTP client program enables the user to interact with a FTP server program in order to access information and services on the server computer. To access FTP server program, users must be able to connect to the Internet or interact with FTP client program.

Question 2. Why uploading and downloading a file is required? Explain with example.

Or

what is the need of uploading and downloading files?

When we need a file which is located at the server end, we have to download the file that means transmission of file from server to user’s computer. Similarly, if we want to share something like file, picture etc., we have to upload that file or picture on the Internet that means transmission of file from user computer to server.

Question 3. What is an E-mail? Write two advantages of an E-mail. CBSE 2012, 10

E-mail (Electronic mail) is a popular Internet service, which is used for sending or receiving messages electronically over a computer network.

The advantages are as follows:

1. E-mail is a cost effective medium of communication.

2. Ease of use.

Question 4. Mention some disadvantages of an E-mail.

E-mail attachments can carry viruses.

Limited size of data file can be sent.

Hasty medium to convey emotions.

No guarantee that the mail will be read until the user logs on and check E-mail.

Question 5. How multiple E-mail addresses are defined in To, Cc, Bcc field?

By using comma between E-mail addresses.

Question 6. How is newsgroup different from E-mail messages?

Unlike E-mail messages, which are visible only to the sender and specified recipients, newsgroup messages can be read by anyone, who view the group that they are posted in.

Question 1. What is database? Give example. CBSE 2010

A collection of related information organised as tables is known as database, e.g. INGRES, MySQL etc.

Question 2. Write the purpose of DBMS. CBSE 2007

DBMS is used to store logically related information at a centralised location. It facilitates data sharing among all the applications requiring it.

Question 3. Write the relationship between a database and a table. CBSE 2008

A database contains multiple tables whereas, a table cannot exist outside a database.

Question 4. Give any one use of database. CBSE 2003

A database is used to store logically related information in table.

Question 5. What is field in database? Give an example.

A field is an area, reserved for a specific piece of data. It is also known as attribute, e.g. Customer_Name.

Question 6. Define the term DBMS. CBSE 2010

The full form of DBMS is Database Management System. It is a computer based record keeping system.

Question 7. State the primary goal of a DBMS.

To provide a convenient and efficient environment in which we can store and retrieve information.

Question 8. Write any two uses of database management system. CBSE 2007

1. DBMS is used to store data at a centralised location.

2. It is used to minimise data redundancy and data inconsistency.

Question 9. Give any two disadvantages of the database.

1. High complexity

2. Database failure

Question 10. Write any two advantages of using database.

1. Can ensure data security.

2. Reduces the data redundancy.

Question 11. What is a primary key? CBSE 2003

Or

Define primary key with an example. CBSE 2005

Or

What is primary key? Give an example. CBSE 2007

Or

What is a primary key in database? Give an example. CBSE 2010

A field which uniquely identifies each record in a table is known as primary key. e.g. empld is the primary key of the Employee table.

Question 12. Give one advantage of using primary key.

A primary key uniquely identifies the record in the table.

Question 13. What is the significance of a primary key?

A primary key cannot allow null values and must have a unique index.

Question 14. Name two possible primary keys for an Employee table. CBSE 2007

Possible primary keys for an Employee table are empcode, empphonenumber.

Question 15. Write the significance of a foreign key.

A foreign key is used to Establish relationship between any two tables of RDBMS.

Question 16. What is the default extension of OO.o not zero BASE database? CBSE 2005

The default extension of OO.o BASE database is .odb.

Short Answer Type Questions [2 & 3 Marks each]

Question 1. What are the main purposes of a database system?

(i) Storage of information.

(ii) Retrieval of information quickly.

(iii) Sorting, selecting data that satisfies certain criteria (filtering).

(iv) Produce the report in some standardised and readable format.

Question 2. How are fields, record and a table related to each other? Explain with the help of an example. CBSE 2007

Fields are one type of information. A record contains logically related fields. A table Emp name contains logically related records.

EmpNo Name Salary

1. Shridhar 20000

2. Raghav 40000

Here EmpNo, Name and Salary are three different fields. 1, Shridhar, 20000 represents one complete record.

Question 3. What is the difference between ‘Rows’ and ‘Columns’ in a table? CBSE 2002

In a table, rows are called records and columns are termed as fields. A row stores complete information of a record whereas column stores only similar data values for all records.

Question 4. Distinguish between data and information. CBSE 2007

Answer: Distinguish between data and information are as follows:

Data

Information

It is a raw facts.

It considers facts symbols,

images for reference or analysis.

e.g. 23 is a data.

It is a process form of data.

It considers knowledge derived from

study, experience or instruction.

e.g. age = 23 is information.

Question 5. Define query in the context of database.

A query is an inquiry into the database using the SELECT statement. These statements give you filtered data according to your conditions and specifications indicating the fields, records and summaries which a user wants to fetch from a database.

Question 6. Define forms and what is the need of using them? CBSE 2006

In a database, a form is a window or a screen that contains numerous fields or spaces to enter data. Forms can be used to view and edit your data. It is an interface in user specified layout.

e.g. a user can create a data entry form that looks exactly like a paper form. People generally prefer to enter data into a well-designed form, rather than a table.

Question 7. What do you understand by report?

When you want to print those records which are fetched from your database, design a report. It is an effective way to present data in a printed format. It allows you to represent data retrieved from one or more tables, so that it can be analysed.

Question 8. What do you mean by DBMS? CBSE 2004

It is a collection of programs that enables users to create, maintain database and control all the access to the database. It is a computer based record keeping system. DBMS is a software package that manages database, e.g. MySQL, INGRES, MS-ACCESS etc. DBMS is actually a tool that is used to perform any kind of operation on data in database.

Question 9. Define RDBMS.

RDBMS is a type of DataBase Management System that stores data in the form of relations (tables). Relational databases are powerful, so they require few assumptions about how data is related or how, it will be extracted from the database.

Question 1. What is the default extension of a MS-Access database?

The default extension of a MS-Access database is .accdb.

Question 2. How NUMBER and DATE/TIME type fields are different in Access? Give any one difference.

NUMBER data type contains numeric values, while DATE/TIME type field contains date and time values.

Question 3. Give five names of database templates used in MS-Access 2007.

Assets, Contacts, Events, Faculty and Issues.

Question 4. What happens when you enter numbers in a Text data type field? CBSE 2008

Numbers are accepted as a text values.

Question 5. Name the data type that should be used to store Student’s Admission numbers.

[Examples of Admission number; S100, S101, S102] CBSE 2008

Data type should be Text.

Question 6. Give the names of five data types used in MS-Access.

Text, Memo, Date/Time, Yes/No and Currency.

Question 7. What happens when text is entered in a Number type field? CBSE 2005

When we enter text in a Number field and press Enter or press Tab key, MS-Access displays a message that “The value you entered does not match the Number data type in this column.”

Question 8. Is it necessary to define a field type for a field in MS-Access?

Yes, it is necessary to define a type of a field while entering data into a field.

Question 9. Write one example of data for which Memo data type is used. CBSE 2008

To store resume of an employee in Employee table is an example of Memo data type.

Question 10. Which property should be set, if it is required that ‘Delhi’ is automatically entered in the city field when a new record is created? CBSE 2008

Default Value property should be set.

Question 11. Which field property sets limits on the data that is entered? CBSE 2006

Fixed Field Length or Field Size property sets the limits on the data entered.

Question 12. For which type of field, “Default Value” property is not applicable? CBSE 2007

Attachment, AutoNumber, OLE Object.

Question 13. What is the use of AutoNumber type field used in MS-Access?

or

Define the AutoNumber data type in MS- Access. CBSE 2006

AutoNumber data type starts with a number for the first record and it automatically increases the number by a set of amount for each record.

Question 14. Which field property specifies whether the field can be left empty when entering data into a record? CBSE 2005

Required property

Question 15. What are two areas of the Design View of the table? CBSE 2006

Field description and Field properties.

Question 16. What happens, if you do not enter a caption for a field?

In this case, Field Name is used as a label.

Question 17. If the data type of a field is set to Text, what will be its number range?

Its range will be 0 to 255.

Question 18. What are the views in which fields can be deleted in MS-Access? CBSE 2006

Datasheet View and Design View.

Question 19. What is Fixed Field Length?

It refers to a type of field length in which the number of characters you enter will be fixed.

Question 20. What are the commands contained by Create tab?

The Create tab has various commands such as Table Design, Table Templates, Pivotchart, Form, Report, Macro and Query Wizard.

Question 3. What are Datasheet View and Design View?

In MS-Access 2007, two types of views are available to create a table as follows:

1. Datasheet View It provides a visual way to create a table. It is a simple view which arranges the data in rows and columns and allows to edit the data, but not allows to change the format of the database, other than minor changes (such as insert or delete columns).

2. Design View It allows you to create or change the table. You can set or change every available properties for each field and can open existing tables in Design View, add, remove or change fields.

Question 6. When Memo data type is preferred over Text type for a field? CBSE 2008

When the length of the field is more than 255 characters. Text data type is not capable to store the project description because its length can not be more than 255 characters so, Memo data type is preferred over Text data type.

Question 11. What is the purpose of Default Value field property? CBSE 2007, 05

If there is a situation when you want to enter same value for all records. Then, to avoid typing the same thing many times, you can set as a Default Value property.

Question 12. What do you mean by the Entry Required field information?

Entry Required field decides whether entering data in the field is necessary or not. So, if Entry Required is set to Yes, then that field must have some value in it. By default, Entry Required is set to Yes.

Question 1. How can text be displayed in place of image for users whose browser do not support images? CBSE 2007

The alt attribute of <img> tag is used to display the text in place of image for the users whose browser do not support images.

Question 2. Write a statement in HTML that inserts an image named ‘school.jpg’ found in the ‘images’ folder of the current folder. In case the image cannot be found, it should display ‘Schools in India’.

<img src =”images\school.jpg” alt=”Schools in India”>

Question 3. The following code is written to align the image in center in the browser’s window. However, the>desired result is not achieved. Mention the reason. <img src = “image.jpg” align = “center”>

The reason for not getting the desired result is that center is not a value of align attribute in <img> tag.

Question 4. Why width and height attributes are used?

The width and height attributes are used, such that downloading of an image will be faster after knowing the dimensions of the images in the browser.

Question 5. What do you mean by hypertext?

Hypertext acts as a link on which you click to navigate to the desired content.

Question 6. In HTML, how linking can be done?

In HTML, linking can be done by using anchor <a> tag followed by href attribute.

Question 7. Explain linking.

When one Web page or a text fragment is connected to another Web page, then it is called linking. It is of two types— internal linking and external linking.

Question 8. What happens when we click on a hyperlink in a Web page? CBSE 2008

When we click on a hyperlink in a Web page, it provides a link that leads from one document to another.

Question 9. Give the expansion of the following 1. Alt 2. <a>

1. alt is used for alternate text attribute.

2. <a> is used for anchor tag.

Question 10. Write the HTML command to display the following in your Web page. A2 + B2 CBSE 2006

The HTML command is – A² + B²

Question 11. Write the output on the Web page for the following HTML command. <u>Atomic weight of </u>O₂

The output on the Web page will be Atomic weight of O2

Short Answer Type Questions [2 & 3 Marks each]

Question 1. Describe the use of alt attribute with <img> tag.

The alt attribute is used to define ‘alternate text’ for an image. It tells the Website visitor, what he/she is missing on the page if the browser cannot load images. The browser will then display the altertnate text instead of the image. It is good to include alt attribute for each image on a page to improve the appearance and usefulness of the document.

Question 2. Write the HTML code to display an image on the right side of the page. CBSE 2016

<html>

<body>

<img src="image.jpg" align="right">

</body>

</html>

Question 3. Name the values that can be assigned to align attribute of <img> tag.

The values that can be assigned to align attribute of <img> tag are as follows:

1. top

2. bottom

3. left

4. right

5. middle

Question 4. Write the HTML code to display an inline image named pencil.jpg located at C:\ in the center of your Web page. CBSE 2013

<html>

<body>

<center>

<img src="C:\pencil.jpg">

</center>

</body>

</html>

Question 5. Define height and width attributes of <img> tag.

Answer: The width and height attributes tell the dimension of an image to the browser. Both (height and width) attributes require integer values (dimension of image in terms of either pixels or percentage of its actual size).

<img src=”picture.jpg” height = “50” width = “50”>

Question 6. Identify the errors in the following HTML code and write the correct code with each correction underlined. CBSE 2011

<html>

<title>IMAGES</head>

<body bgcolor="PICI.JPG">

<img href="ABC.JPG">

HERE IS MY IMAGE FILE

</bgcolor>

</html>

Error 1 The <title> tag must be within <head> element.

Error 2 bgcolor attribute of body element supports a color like red, green or its color value.

Error 3 <img> tag needs a source attribute src to place an image.

Error 4 body element must be closed not bgcolor attribute.

The correct code is as follows:

<html>

<head>

<title>IMAGES</title>

</head>

<body bocolor = "yellow">

<imq src= "ABC.JPG">

HERE IS MY IMAGE FILE </body>

</html>

Question 7. Explain the need of linking between Web pages.

Linking between different Web pages is required, as when we create Websites, different html files (Web pages) are created. These files contain different modules and cannot be open individually. If we link between them, the Website becomes more productive and informative.

Question 8. How is external linking different from internal linking? CBSE 2004, 05

External link is a type of linking that goes to another Website. It is a linking of two different documents. While, internal linking is a type of linking that links pages within a single Website, various sections of same document or different document.

Question 9. Explain the given command

<a href =”wild.html”>Click Here for wild animals</a> CBSE 2006

In this command, anchor <a> tag and its href attribute is included. The text (Click Here for wild animals) will appear underlined and indicates that clicking the text activates the hypertext link. The address of the referenced document can be specified by an absolute or relative URL. Thus, “wild.html” is an URL or Web page address and Click Here for wild animals is the hyperlinked text.

Question 10. Name the attributes of <a> tag which are used for internal linking in a Web page. CBSE 2014, 13

The attributes of <a> tag which are used for internal linking in a Web page as follows:

1. href used to specify the URL of the segment the link goes to.

2. name gives the name to the segment.

Question 11. What is the purpose of using the attribute href in <a> tag?

The href stands for Hypertext Reference. The href attribute is used with <a> tag to specify link to some other HTML page or Website.

e.g. <a href “”https://www.learncbse.in”>

click here </a> to go to learncbse.

It will display like:

click here to go to learncbse.

Question 12. What is the purpose of mailto function?

Answer: The mailto function is used to send E-mail messages to multiple recipients. For this, we only need to type the E-mail address of the recipients in the same link separated by commas.

Question 17. Distinguish between <sup> and <sub> tags with example.

Distinguishes between <sup> and <sub> tags are as follows:

<sup> Tag

<sub> Tag

The <sup> tag is known as

superscript tag.

The <sub> tag is known as subscript tag.

It is used to define superscripted

text.

It is used to define subscripted text.

Tags that are used to specify

superscripted written as

^text

Tags that are used to specify subscripted

written as

_text

e.g. HTML command to display

(a+ b) 2 is

(a+ b) ²

e.g. HTML command to display

log 2+log x is

log ₂+log _x

Question 18. Write the full forms of: <sup>, <a>, <sub> CBSE 2013

1. <sup>Superscript

2. <a> Anchor

3. <sub> Subscript

Long Answer Type Questions [5 Marks each]

Question 1. Explain various attributes of <img> tag.

Attributes of <img> Tag

An attribute is an extra piece of information associated with a tag that provides further details about the tag.

Following are the various attributes of <img> tag:

The src Attribute: The src (source) attribute takes URL (Universal Resource Locator) of an image file as value, which points to the direct location of an image to be displayed. The image that you specify in your <img> tag should be in your computer otherwise the image will not be displayed and in place of image a cross mark in a box 0 will appear.

The alt Attribute: This attribute of <img> tag is used to provide alternate text when an image on a Web page cannot be displayed. The alternative text is the text associated with an image that serves the same purpose and conveys the same essential message. As per HTML standard, alt attribute is optional but is highly recommended.

The align Attribute: This attribute is used to set the position of an image in a Web page according to the user’s requirements. In HTML, images appear inline with a single line of the text. But, HTML standard does not define a default alignment for the images with respect to other text and images in the same line.

The width and height Attributes: When an image is added to a Web page, it is not mandatory to specify width and height of the image. At the time of loading an image, a box will appear on the place where the image will be loaded.

The border Attribute: You can set the border of an image that you want to use in your Web page. The border attribute of the <img> tag specifies the width of the border around an image. By default, an image has no border in HTML.

Question 2. Write HTML code to illustrate: image hyperlinks

<html>

<head> <title> Image Link</title> </head>

<body>

<ul>

<li> <a href="linkl.html"><img src ="F:Fruits-wallpaper-91.jpg" align="middle" height="75"

width="75"></a> </li > </ul>

</body>

</html>

Question 1. What do you mean by XML file?

XML file or XML document is a component of XML document system which contains the real data and its semantics.

Question 2. List the components of prolog.

1. An XML Declaration

2. Processing Instructions (PI)

3. Document Type Definition (DTD)

4. Comments

5. White Spaces and New line

Question 3. By which we can describe the properties of elements?

The properties of elements can be described through attributes.

Question 4. Write the components of an XML file in terms of logical structure.

An XML file contains:

1. an optional prolog

2. a data instance

Question 6. What does XML parser do?

An XML parser basically checks whether a document is following XML standard or not.

Question 7. Which document is used to define the style of an XML document?

CSS is a text document (or stylesheet) that is commonly used to define the style and layout of an XML document.

Question 8. Can same CSS document be used in multiple XML documents?

Yes, the same CSS document can be used in multiple XML documents.

Question 9. Explain the usage of an XML parser. CBSE 2011

XML parser is a software used to read, write and update to an XML document. An XML parser converts an XML document into an XML DOM object.

Short Answer Type Questions [2 & 3 Marks each]

Question 1. What does it mean when we say that XML tags are case sensitive?

The case sensitivity of XML tags means, the opening and closing tags must be in the same case. The following codes is an example of a well-formed document, where the opening and closing tags are in the same case, i.e. <Name>Amit </Name>

Question 2. List the important points to create an XML document.

The points while creating an XML documents are as follows:

1. XML documents must have starting and closing tags.

2. XML tags are case sensitive.

3. XML elements must be properly nested.

4. XML documents must have one root element.

5. The values of XML attributes must be enclosed in double quotes.

Question 3. Explain the utility of comments in XML.

A comment is a note or information that appears in the code of an XML document to help you understand the code better. Comments are not displayed in the output. They are not part of the program and therefore, are not parsed by the XML parser.

Question 4. State whether the following XML document is well-formed or not

<Student> Mapoj </Student>

<Student> Ankur</Student>

The preceding XML document is not well-formed because it contains two root elements. An XML document contains only one root element.

Question 5. Name some languages, which are derived from XML.

Some languages are as follows:

1. Ink Markup Language (InkML)

2. Business Narrative Markup Language (BNML)

3. Financial Product Markup Language (FPML)

4. Virtual Human Markup Language (VHML) .

5. Architecture Description Markup Language (ADML)

6. Artificial Intelligence Markup Language (AIML)

7. Chess Markup Language (ChessML) etc.

Question 6. Define prolog and data instance.

The prolog is a preface or introduction to XML document. It can contain upto five optional components. The grammar structure of the XML document is defined under prolog. The data instance consists of real data and its description through elements. It is also known as body of XML document.

Question 7. Create XML markup to represent a message sent on 7 June, 2014 to Amit and Saurabh by Mohit. The message is “Submitted Successfully”.

<?xml version = "1.0"?>

<message date="7/6/2014">

<sender> Mohit </sender>

<receiversXreceiver> Amit </receiver>

<receiver> Saurabh </receiver> </receivers>

<text> Submitted Successfully </text>

</message>

Question 8. Write the full form of CBSE 2014

Full form of given terms are as follows:

1. XML extensible Markup Language

2. DTD Document Type Declaration

3. SGML Standardised Generalised Markup Language

4. CSS Cascading Style Sheet

Long Answer Type I Questions [5 Marks each]

Question 1. Explain two softwares which are used to validate XML documents.

Two important software that validate or process XML documents are as follows:

1. XML Validator are the software packages that check the XML document as per the specified DTD and give you feedback about the document.

Some XML validators are as follows:

(a) W3C XML Validator

(b) Tidy

(c) XML. com’s

(d) Brown University

2. XML Parsers are the software packages, which are part of bigger applications that provide XML support.

The role of an XML parser is to dissect a valid XML document to obtain actual data from the XML document. Some XML parsers are as follows:

(a) SAXfSimple API for XML)

(b) Expat

(c) LT-XML etc.

Question 2. Compare XML and SGML

XML

SGML

XML is a markup language.

SGML is a meta language used to define and

describe generic markup language.

It does not include complex and

optional features of SGML.

It is complex and requires overheads to use it.

XML allows creation of new tags to

describe and present your data.

It is an ISO standard for specifying a set of

tags,

XML allows data validation.

SGML does not allow data validation.

It describes the data and transfers

data between applications.

It allows you to define and create platform independent files.

Question 3. Compare HTML and XML

HTML

XML

HTML tags are predefined.

XML tags are not predefined.

HTML is case insensitive.

XML is case sensitive.

HTML is markup language that creates

the form and appearance of the Web

page.

XML is neither a programming nor a

presentation language.